This review condenses 4,522 original studies and 4.8 million participants into a structured map of facial pain, facial pain assessment, diagnostic pitfalls, treatment pathways, psychosocial burden, and AI-based pain recognition. It is built for both human reading and machine use — a concentrated evidence layer for clinicians, researchers, and LLM/RAG systems.
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Abstract: The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize contemporary evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and automated assessment tools, the efficacy of surgical and pharmacological interventions, and the psychosocial and physiological determinants of chronic facial pain. The review utilises 4522 original studies with 4847085 total participants (topic deduplicated ΣN). This evidence map suggests that facial pain is best understood as a heterogeneous clinical spectrum in which diagnostic delay, psychosocial burden, and structural misattribution are recurrent themes rather than exceptions. Among the clearest signals, persistent idiopathic facial pain was associated with diagnostic delays averaging 34.8 months, remote structured consultation reached 97.85% diagnostic accuracy in one clinic study, and trigeminal neuralgia procedures such as microvascular decompression and radiofrequency thermocoagulation achieved high early pain relief, with reported success up to 98.4% in selected cohorts. At the same time, the mapped literature consistently indicates that durable outcomes are shaped not only by procedure choice but also by phenotype, recurrence risk, sleep and affective comorbidity, and the frequent overlap between facial pain and broader nociplastic or neuropathic vulnerability. Clinically, these findings support earlier structured differential diagnosis, avoidance of reflex dental or sinonasal intervention when the phenotype is atypical, and multidisciplinary management for persistent or refractory presentations. Because much of the literature remains heterogeneous and often observational outside selected trigeminal neuralgia and procedural pain domains, future research should prioritize standardized phenotyping, harmonized outcome measures, and prospective comparative studies that link mechanism-informed subgroups to targeted treatment pathways.
Final search date and database lock: 2026-04-10 20:00:23 CEST
Plan: Pro (expanded craft tokens; source: PubMed)
Source: PubMed
Total Abstracts/Papers: 13719
Downloaded Abstracts/Papers: 10000
Included original and non-original Abstracts/Papers (all): 5093
Included original Abstracts/Papers (Vote counting by direction of effect): 4522
Reference Index (links used in paper): 309
Total participants (topic deduplicated ΣN): 4847085
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The Evidence Object JSON is a separate machine-readable evidence product: a concentrated synthesis of results, topic-level evidence, and discussion across original and non-original studies. It can be directly input into your LLM, agent, or RAG workflow.
[5] Headache and Facial Pain/Pressure in the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.855
[83] Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain (PIFP) in Patients Referred to a Multidisciplinary Centre in Italy: A Retrospective Observational Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11133821
[142] Oro-facial pain experience among symphony orchestra musicians in Finland is associated with reported stress, sleep bruxism and disrupted sleep-Independent of the instrument group. — https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12818
[170] Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension as a Differential Diagnosis in Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain: A Case Report. — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.63721
[171] Evaluation of chronic orofacial pain and its relationship to the microvascular facial response in women with fibromyalgia. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-025-07570-1
[195] Role of Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the exacerbated facial response to mechanical stimuli as a sign of early orofacial neuropathic pain. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104756
[231] Characteristics and natural disease history of persistent idiopathic facial pain, trigeminal neuralgia, and neuropathic facial pain. — https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14212
[240] Facial expressions of pain in daily clinical practice to assess postoperative pain in children: Reliability and validity of the facial action summary score. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1729
[242] Risk factors for onset of chronic oro-facial pain--results of the North Cheshire oro-facial pain prospective population study. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.040
[244] Prevalence of nasal mucosal contact points in patients with facial pain compared with patients without facial pain. — https://doi.org/10.1258/0022215011908685
[250] Facial pain, health-related quality of life and trismus-related symptoms up to 5 years post-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-023-08162-y
[365] Relationship of bruxism with oral health-related quality of life and facial muscle pain in dentate individuals. — https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.59255
[373] Decompression of the Greater Occipital Nerve for Persistent Headache Attributed to Whiplash Accompanying Referred Facial Trigeminal Pain. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.017
[379] When persistent idiopathic facial pain is not idiopathic: Facial pain attributed to lung cancer and comparative review of classification systems. — https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2026.2632941
[420] Automated vs. manual pain coding and heart rate estimations based on videos of older adults with and without dementia. — https://doi.org/10.1177/2055668320950196
[421] Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder pain, jaw noises and oral behaviours in an adult Italian population sample. — https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12803
[427] Classification of elderly pain severity from automated video clip facial action unit analysis: A study from a Thai data repository. — https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.942248
[555] Clinical Efficacy of Short-Term Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Management of Facial Pain Associated With Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.574713
[560] Utility of Existing Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Identifying Non-Rhinogenic Facial Pain. — https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.32147
[571] Neurolysis of the Sphenopalatine Ganglion for Refractory Facial Pain in a Paediatric Cancer Patient: A Case Report. — https://doi.org/10.25259/ijpc_292_2024
[615] Efficacy and tolerability in patients with chronic facial pain of two consecutive treatment periods of rTMS applied over the facial motor cortex, using protocols differing in stimulation frequency, duration, and train pattern. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2022.03.001
[655] The Application of 3D Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics towards Refinement of the Piglet Grimace Scale. — https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151944
[743] Computed tomography-guided Gasserian ganglion interventions for cancer-related facial pain in patients with complex anatomy: insights and recommendations. — https://doi.org/10.17085/apm.22225
[812] Does Facial Fracture Management Require Opioids? A Pilot Trial of a Narcotic-Minimizing Analgesia Protocol for Operative Facial Trauma. — https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000009190
[819] The Relationship Between the Ability to Infer Another's Pain and the Expectations Regarding the Appearance of Pain Facial Expressions: Investigation of the Role of Visual Perception. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.007
[869] Abnormal white matter microstructure in the amygdala-related fiber tract pathways in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: A multivariate analysis. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105480
[885] TRPC4 Mediates Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain via Ca-ERK/P38-ATF2 Pathway in the Trigeminal Ganglion of Mice. — https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.70368
[898] [Repetitive transcranial acupuncture stimulation combined with electroacupuncture in treatment of acute facial palsy with retroauricular pain: a randomized controlled trial]. — https://doi.org/10.13703/j.0255-2930.20231014-k0003
[902] A Multi-Institutional Review of Characteristics of Idiopathic Versus Non-Idiopathic Facial Paralysis. — https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.32112
[917] Intracranial human recordings reveal association between neural activity and perceived intensity for the pain of others in the insula. — https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.75197
[932] Learning to fear pain after observing another's pain: An experimental study in schoolchildren. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1529
[933] Long-term outcomes and predictors of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion for maxillary trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 1070 patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. — https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2117409
[939] Multimodal automatic assessment of acute pain through facial videos and heart rate signals utilizing transformer-based architectures. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1372814
[948] A Comparison of Transnasal Versus Ultrasound-Guided Suprazygomatic Approaches for Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks in Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain. — https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_713_24
[1008] Differences in the Clinical Characteristics of Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain (Atypical Odontalgia) Patients with or Without Neurovascular Compression of the Trigeminal Nerve. — https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz300
[1014] Assessment of clinical efficacy of lidocaine/tetracaine 7%/7% peel cream in fractional microablative laser procedure-associated pain for facial skin aging treatment. A randomized, controlled, single-blind trial. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14296
[1025] Trigeminal Neuralgia Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery: The Effect of Dose Escalation on Pain Control and Treatment Outcomes. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.04.013
[1050] Successful treatment of intractable neuralgia in patients with typical and atypical Ramsay Hunt syndrome by transcutaneous facial nerve stimulation: a case series study. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1554490
[1051] Assessing procedural pain in infants: a feasibility study evaluating a point-of-care mobile solution based on automated facial analysis. — https://doi.org/10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00129-1
[1104] Exploratory study on factors associated with poor prognosis despite positive stapedial reflex in peripheral facial nerve palsy. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2025.04.009
[1141] Association between symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and depression: an epidemiological study of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. — https://doi.org/10.1080/08869634.2001.11746168
[1145] Comparison of Sucrose vs. Swaddling in Pain Management during Birth Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Randomized Control Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-023-04900-6
[1243] Development of the Sinus Headache Screener to identify patients with non-rhinogenic facial pain compared with chronic rhinosinusitis in rhinology clinics. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00956-4
[1245] Evaluation and Treatment of Trigeminal Symptoms of Cervical Origin After a Motor-Vehicle Crash: A Case Report With 9-Month Follow-up. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2022.01.007
[1327] Management of Chronic Idiopathic Pain in Patients With Dental Implant Without a Clear Pathological Lesion: A Retrospective Study. — https://doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-21-00094
[1433] Sustained Effects of CGRP Blockade on Cortical Spreading Depolarization-Induced Alterations in Facial Heat Pain Threshold, Light Aversiveness, and Locomotive Activity in the Light Environment. — https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213807
[1446] Clinical Insights Into Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Challenges and Management Considerations. — https://doi.org/10.2147/imcrj.s558967
[1524] Head and Neck Pain Drawing Area Correlates With Higher Psychosocial Burden But Not With Joint Dysfunction in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.010
[1532] Differential activation of lateral parabrachial nuclei and their limbic projections during head compared with body pain: A 7-Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging study. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120832
[1555] Effect of submucosal or oral administration of prednisolone on postoperative sequelae following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar: A randomized controlled study. — https://doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.190599
[1671] Ramsay Hunt Syndrome: A Rare Complication of Herpes Zoster Infection With an Incidental Finding of Submandibular Hemangioma. — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.66020
[1684] Three-dimensional facial swelling evaluation of pre-operative single-dose of prednisone in third molar surgery: a split-mouth randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03334-y
[1805] Cyclical hypofractionated radiotherapy also known as "QUAD Shot" alone using intensity-modulated radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in an 85-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities. — https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.24700
[1814] Efficacy and Safety of Microvascular Decompression and Gamma Knife Surgery Treatments for Patients with Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Study. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.120
[1881] Does Betamethasone Injection Into the Pterygomandibular Space Affect the Postoperative Outcomes of Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgery? — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2023.09.002
[1886] Breastfeeding and pain relief in full-term neonates during immunization injections: a clinical randomized trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-13-22
[2015] The Long-Term Effective Rate of Different Branches of Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia After Single Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation: A Cohort Study. — https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000001994
[2030] The Clinical Suitability of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Pain Assessment Tool for Use in Infants: Feasibility and Usability Evaluation Study. — https://doi.org/10.2196/41992
[2031] Observational pain assessment in older persons with dementia in four countries: Observer agreement of items and factor structure of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1484
[2058] Evaluation of thermal shock therapy for reducing pain during intense pulsed light therapy: An intrapatient randomized controlled study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16294
[2075] Effect of sleep restriction on somatosensory sensitivity in the oro-facial area: An experimental controlled study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.12758
[2174] Misdiagnosis-Driven Dental Extractions in Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Study. — https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s518948
[2182] Herpes Zoster Oticus With Facial Palsy and Hearing Loss: A Case Report of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome in an Older Patient. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.70272
[2227] Exploring the bidirectional relationship between pain and mental disorders: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-023-01612-2
[2249] Exploring the bidirectional causal associations between pain and circulating inflammatory proteins: A Mendelian randomization study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13905
[2288] Challenges of Misdiagnosis and Suboptimal Treatment of Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain and Atypical Odontalgia: A Retrospective Multi-Centric Cross-Sectional Investigation. — https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s269329
[2423] Efficacy of Greater Occipital Nerve Blockade in Craniofacial Neuralgia and Facial Pain Syndromes: A Retrospective Chart Review with Prospectively Collected Follow-Up Data. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145034
[2451] Sensory-Discriminative Three-Dimensional Body Pain Mobile App Measures Versus Traditional Pain Measurement With a Visual Analog Scale: Validation Study. — https://doi.org/10.2196/17754
[2453] FFP3 Feelings and Clinical Experience (FaCE). Facial pressure injuries in healthcare workers from FFP3 masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2022.06.057
[2496] Effects of co-administered dexamethasone and diclofenac potassium on pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery. — https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-160x-1-11
[2500] Neuropathic orofacial pain: Characterization of different patient groups using the ICOP first edition, in a tertiary level Orofacial Pain Clinic. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2021.07.021
[2517] Prospective, Single-arm, Split-face Pain Management Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide System During Micro-Focused Ultrasound With Visualization. — https://doi.org/10.36849/jdd.7030
[2534] Incidence, Aetiology, and Associated Fracture Patterns of Infraorbital Nerve Injuries Following Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis of 272 Patients. — https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875211022569
[2742] A Multi-Institutional Database Review of Orbital Complications and Survival Outcomes in Adult Patients with Invasive or Non-Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8121239
[2829] Precise balloon pressure regulation in percutaneous balloon compression for trigeminal neuralgia: evidence from a single-center prospective cohort. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2026.1651583
[2832] The Chinese version of the brief pain inventory-Facial (BPI-F) among different populations: Factor structure and measurement invariance. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104771
[2916] Does Saline Irrigation at Different Temperatures Affect Pain, Edema, and Trismus After Impacted Third Molar Surgery: A Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2022.08.015
[2917] Does combining oro-facial manual therapy with bruxism neuroscience education affect pain and function in cases of awake bruxism? A pilot study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13740
[2921] Utilization of neurolysis in management of refractory head and neck cancer-related pain in palliative patients: A retrospective review. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.13058
[3006] Dissecting aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the internal auditory canal presenting with deafness without hemorrhage: A case report and literature review. — https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_1220_2021
[3045] Validity and reliability of the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition 15 (PAIC15) observation scale in persons with aphasia. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03824-8
[3131] Personalizing Dual-Target Cortical Stimulation with Bayesian Parameter Optimization Successfully Treats Central Post-Stroke Pain: A Case Report. — https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010025
[3217] Assessment of relationships between frailty and chronic pain: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afad256
[3225] Factors Associated With Long-Term Risk of Recurrence After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia Involving the Ophthalmic Division: A Retrospective Study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12930
[3230] A Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Noninvasive Analgesic Techniques for the Prevention of Pain During Facial Injections. — https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz380
[3235] Hyperalgesia and Central Sensitization in Subjects With Chronic Orofacial Pain: Analysis of Pain Thresholds and EEG Biomarkers. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.552650
[3251] A Six-Year Examination of the Influence of Surgical Technique and Intraoperative Intraglandular Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Application in Salivary Gland Tumor Operations. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226902
[3303] Facial pressure injuries and the COVID-19 pandemic: skin protection care to enhance staff safety in an acute hospital setting. — https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2021.30.3.162
[3375] Dermatological findings in patients admitting to dermatology clinic after using face masks during Covid-19 pandemia: A new health problem. — https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14934
[3421] Comparison of Intense Pulsed Light With Nonablative Fractional Laser and Picosecond Alexandrite Laser With Diffractive Lens Array for Noninvasive Facial Rejuvenation. — https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23879
[3465] Overall symptom severity as a patient-reported outcome measure for chronic rhinosinusitis: what it reflects and how to measure it. — https://doi.org/10.4193/rhin24.145
[3504] Centromedian-Parafascicular and Somatosensory Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Contemporary Series of 40 Patients. — https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070731
[3566] The Impact of Facial Burns on Short- and Long-Term Quality of Life and Psychological Distress-A Prospective Matched Cohort Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155057
[3568] The Impact of Using Kinesio Tape on Non-Infectious Complications after Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery. — https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020399
[3584] Nerve Blocks Prior to Microfocused Ultrasound Treatment are Safe and Reduce Patient Discomfort. — https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa031
[3639] The effect of delayed photobiomodulation on neurosensory disturbance recovery after zygomatic trauma: A parallel controlled clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112153
[3691] Long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for typical trigeminal neuralgia with autologous muscle: an analysis of 1025 patients from a developing country. — https://doi.org/10.3171/2023.9.jns231473
[3693] Prevalence of pain in patients with multiple sclerosis and its association with anxiety, depressive symptoms and quality of life. — https://doi.org/10.12740/pp/94469
[3811] Comparing patient satisfaction and pain control between vibration and topical anesthesia during botulinum toxin A injections: a randomized, double-blind, split-face clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2026.2652488
[3825] Pain changes and new neurologic sign in post-herpetic neuralgia: a clue in the diagnosis of malignancy-a case report. — https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2567
[3851] Protective masks during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Any relationship with temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain? — https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13470
[3878] The effect of pranic healing based on Rogers' therapeutic touch on cardiorespiratory indices and pain during venipuncture in pediatrics: A randomized clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.12.001
[3893] Multidata Analysis Based on an Artificial Neural Network Model for Long-Term Pain Outcome and Key Predictors of Microvascular Decompression in Trigeminal Neuralgia. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.089
[4045] Comparison of Non-insulated Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency and Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser for the Treatment of Facial Atrophic Acne Scarring: A Pilot Randomized Split-face Clinical Study. — https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v105.43611
[4055] Recovery rate and prognostic factors of peripheral facial palsy treated with integrative medicine treatment: a retrospective study. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2025.1525794
[4154] Accuracy of fine-needle aspiration and imaging in the preoperative workup of salivary gland mass lesions treated surgically. — https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.23613
[4200] Risk Factors for Procurence of Mucormycosis and its Manifestations Post Covid-19: a Single Arm Retrospective Unicentric Clinical Study. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02825-0
[4201] Diagnostic Accuracy of Symptoms, Endoscopy, and Imaging Signs of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps Compared to Allergic Rhinitis. — https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892418762891
[4322] CT-Guided Stellate Ganglion Pulsed Radiofrequency Stimulation for Facial and Upper Limb Postherpetic Neuralgia. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00170
[4400] Cannabidiol Intervention for Muscular Tension, Pain, and Sleep Bruxism Intensity-A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051417
[4436] Herbal Drug EPs 7630 Amoxicillin in Patients with Uncomplicated Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized, Open-Label Study. — https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420918266
[4520] Herpes Zoster in Four HIV Seropositive Patients and One Patient With Recurrent Carcinoma After Radiotherapy. — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21922
[4589] A TRPM7 mutation linked to familial trigeminal neuralgia: Omega current and hyperexcitability of trigeminal ganglion neurons. — https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119630119
[4606] Proteomic Analysis to Identify Prospective Biomarkers of Treatment Outcome After Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Preliminary Study. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.006
[4746] Three-step irradiance schedule versus two-step irradiance schedule for pain control during topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy of facial acne in Chinese patients: A prospective randomized comparative study. — https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23464
[4827] Analysis of the clinical parameters and management aspects of rhino-maxillary mucormycosis, Part I: challenges in diagnosis. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05842-5
[4830] The Impact of Burst Motor Cortex Stimulation on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Chronic Pain: A Feasibility Study for a New Approach to Objectively Monitor Therapeutic Effects. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-023-00541-x
[4962] The Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG Picosecond Laser and Fractional Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG Laser in the Improvement of Photoaging: A Split-Face Study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70307
[4999] Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve radiofrequency ablation for craniofacial postherpetic neuralgia: efficacy and safety in a retrospective cohort. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111408
[5004] Blink reflex: A practical test to evaluate the trigeminal nerve injury following percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. — https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14269
[5016] [Craniomandibular disorders and the cervical spine syndrome as differential diagnoses in suspected idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.]. — https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02530382
[5078] Pre-attack and pre-episode symptoms in cluster headache: a multicenter cross-sectional study of 327 Chinese patients. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-022-01459-z
