SAIMSARA Journal

Machine-Readable Science • ISSN 3054-3991

Sports First Aid: Scoping Review with ☸️SAIMSARA.

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Sports Medicine

Issue 5, Volume 1, 2026

DOI: 10.62487/saimsara3ebf5eed

Editorial note
• Last update: 2026-05-06 07:22:44
What is this paper about
Sports first aid remains uneven across coaches, PE teachers, athletes, and venues, with major gaps in BLS/AED readiness, dental trauma, concussion recognition, and emergency planning. This evidence map shows which practical training models, responder systems, and infrastructure strategies can strengthen real-world emergency preparedness in sport.
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Abstract: The aim of this review is to synthesize evidence regarding the current state of first aid knowledge among sports stakeholders, evaluate the effectiveness of diverse educational interventions, and explore emerging technological systems for emergency management in athletic settings. The review is built on 98 cited references from 101 original studies, covering 17134959 total participants (topic-deduplicated ΣN). The mapped evidence indicates that sports first aid competency is broadly deficient across coaches, PE teachers, athletes, and school staff, with educational interventions consistently producing significant pre–post gains—exemplified by staff knowledge rising from 50% to 80% and student knowledge from 8.3% to 65% after structured training. Recurrent topic-level signals support a role for active learning modalities such as role-play, simulations, RICE/PRICE-based protocols, and pocket manuals in improving both knowledge and practical skills for sprains, splinting, and bandaging. The presence of athletic trainers and other medically trained responders was repeatedly associated with stronger adherence to emergency best practices, while only 11% of surveyed Oregon high schools met all three benchmarks for emergency action plans, AED access, and coach training, highlighting persistent infrastructure gaps. Dental trauma, concussion recognition, BLS/AED readiness, and catastrophic spinal injury management emerged as the most prominent thematic vulnerabilities, suggesting that mandatory certification, venue-specific emergency action plans, and targeted TDI and BLS modules represent practical priorities for sports organizations. The evidence base is heterogeneous and dominated by cross-sectional surveys, which constrains causal interpretation within this scoping map. Future research should prioritize longitudinal trials evaluating optimal refresher frequency, validate digital and wearable decision-support tools for point-of-care triage, and test scalable models for delivering trained responders and AED infrastructure in rural and mass-participation settings.

Keywords: Sports injury management; RICE protocol; PRICE method; Basic Life Support; Traumatic dental injuries; First aid education; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Ankle sprains; Emergency response systems; Orofacial trauma

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Reference Index (98)

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