{ "pubmedSearchSummary": "", "conversation": [ "User: thrombophlebitis and complications", "Bot: [extraction saved: +1]", "User: thrombophlebitis and complications", "Bot: [extraction saved: +3]", "User: thrombophlebitis and complications", "Bot: [extraction saved: +1]", "User: thrombophlebitis and complications", "Bot: [extraction saved: +2]", "User: [CRAFT PAPER REQUEST] (Premium)", "Bot: [paper generated]" ], "searchInProgress": false, "searchQuery": "thrombophlebitis and complications", "searchQueryOriginal": "thrombophlebitis and complications", "normalizedQuery": "thrombophlebitis and complications", "lastNormalizedQuery": "thrombophlebitis and complications", "fieldScope": "all", "effectiveQueryPubMed": "thrombophlebitis AND complications", "effectiveQueryEuropePMC": "thrombophlebitis AND complications", "effectiveQuerySemantic": "thrombophlebitis AND complications", "osmaOutcome": "complications", "osmaPredictor": "thrombophlebitis", "osmaBuckets": { "favorable": { "nums": [], "n": 0, "sumN": 0 }, "harmful": { "nums": [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 33 ], "n": 25, "sumN": 35873 }, "neutral": { "nums": [ 7, 14, 16, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 ], "n": 17, "sumN": 2125 } }, "osmaOutcomeContext": "complications Typical timepoints: 7-day, 5-mo. Reported metrics: %, CI, p.", "osmaPredictorContext": "thrombophlebitis — exposure\/predictor. Routes seen: iv. Typical comparator: piccs, 13.4, 6.88, those without thrombosis….", "osmaEndpointsContext": "Common endpoints: complications, mortality, recurrence.", "osmaFrame": "effect_of", "osmaRouting": { "frame": "effect_of", "A": "", "B": "", "outcome": "complications", "predictor": "thrombophlebitis", "src": "llm" }, "osmaQueryAB": [], "osmaComparators": { "A": "", "B": "" }, "offset": 1000, "s2Total": 6156, "s2Seen": 1000, "s2Offset": 1000, "s2LastShown": 1, "extractedArticles": [ { "num": 1, "articleNumber": 7, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24018\/ejmed.2020.2.3.292", "title": "Peripheral Venous Cannulation Associated Thrombophlebitis And Its Management", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "hospitalized patients \/ tertiary care centre", "sampleSize": "761", "statistics": "100\/761 (10%) developed thrombophlebitis", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Thrombophlebitis developed in 100 of 761 patients after peripheral venous cannulation; majority managed conservatively, with only 1 requiring incisional pus drainage." }, { "num": 2, "articleNumber": 13, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20243675", "title": "Role of training and monitoring and its effect on infusion-related peripheral thrombophlebitis in a teaching hospital", "year": "2024", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "hospitalized patients \/ 750-bed teaching hospital", "sampleSize": "N\/A", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis decreased from 42 to 16 cases over 6 months; p<0.05 (month 0 vs 3 and 0 vs 6)", "followUp": "6 months", "mainResults": "Training and monitoring reduced thrombophlebitis incidence from 42 to 16 cases, with significant changes mainly in non-critical areas (67% to 25%)." }, { "num": 3, "articleNumber": 17, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15829\/1728-8800-2022-3461", "title": "Comparison of endovenous laser ablation and conservative treatment in acute thrombophlebitis of the varicose great saphenous vein: rationale, design and first results of clinical trial", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "RCT", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "patients with acute thrombophlebitis of varicose great saphenous vein \/ single-center", "sampleSize": "30", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "90 days", "mainResults": "In first 30 patients, new venous thrombosis episodes only in medical treatment group (deep vein thrombosis of contralateral tibia and thrombus in recanalized inflow); no complications in EVLA groups." }, { "num": 4, "articleNumber": 18, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/annalsats.202209-814oc", "title": "The Association of Vasopressor Administration Through a Midline Catheter with Catheter-Related Complications.", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "adults admitted to 39 hospitals \/ Michigan hospitals", "sampleSize": "287", "statistics": "superficial thrombophlebitis 5.2% (midlines with vasopressors) vs 13.4% (PICCs with vasopressors), p<0.001; aOR 0.65 [95% CI 0.31-1.33], p=0.23", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Vasopressor administration through midlines had lower frequency of catheter-related complications including superficial thrombophlebitis compared to PICCs (5.2% vs 13.4%), with no significant association after adjustment." }, { "num": 5, "articleNumber": 19, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2221-6189.385685", "title": "Central venous catheterization-related complications in a cohort of 100 hospitalized patients: An observational study", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "critically ill adults ≥18 years \/ tertiary care ICU", "sampleSize": "100", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis 6%", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Thrombophlebitis occurred in 6% of 100 patients undergoing central venous catheterization." }, { "num": 6, "articleNumber": 24, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1076029619839150", "title": "Comparison of Venous Thrombosis Complications in Midlines Versus Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Are Midlines the Safer Option?", "year": "2019", "studyDesign": "Mixed", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "adults \/ 1100-bed tertiary care academic medical center", "sampleSize": "2577", "statistics": "CR thrombosis 11.88% MCs vs 6.88% PICCs (OR 1.82, p<0.0001); SVT 4.84% MCs vs 2.16% PICCs (OR 2.29, p=0.0002)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Midline catheters had higher symptomatic catheter-related thrombosis including superficial venous thrombophlebitis than PICCs (11.88% vs 6.88%)." }, { "num": 7, "articleNumber": 1, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/balkanmedj.2016.141065", "title": "Treatment of Orbital Complications Following Acute Rhinosinusitis in Children.", "year": "2016", "studyDesign": "Cross-sectional", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "Pediatric patients with orbital complications secondary to acute rhinosinusitis", "sampleSize": "31", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "1 to 8 years", "mainResults": "16 patients (52%) were cured by conservative therapy (antibiotics, glucocorticoid, gelomyrtol forte); 15 patients (48%) required endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS); all signs\/symptoms resolved with no recurrences; conservative therapy effective for inflammatory edema and most orbital cellulitis cases, while SPA required ESS." }, { "num": 8, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1692718", "title": "Chorioamnionitis and Infectious Complications after Vaginal Delivery", "year": "2018", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "Women with chorioamnionitis and successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)", "sampleSize": "559", "statistics": "4.3% postpartum infection rate (mainly endometritis); preterm <32 weeks OR 3.05 (95% CI 1.32–7.06); BMI ≥40 OR 4.63 (95% CI 1.25–17.14); postpartum antibiotics OR 0.28 (95% CI 0.12–0.65)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "4.3% experienced postpartum infectious complications including septic pelvic thrombophlebitis; preterm delivery <32 weeks and BMI ≥40 increased odds, while postpartum antibiotics were protective." }, { "num": 9, "articleNumber": 1, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(97)00543-8", "title": "Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: initial short-term experience.", "year": "1997", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients undergoing laparoscopic radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP)", "sampleSize": "9", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Three complications occurred in 9 patients: cholecystitis, thrombophlebitis associated with a pulmonary embolism, and a small bowel hernia into a trocar site." }, { "num": 10, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2005.00286.x", "title": "Are erythema nodosum‐like lesions and superficial thrombophlebitis prodromal in terms of visceral involvement in Behcet's disease?", "year": "2005", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "Behcet's disease patients, mean age 33.48±6.16 years, 37 females\/41 males", "sampleSize": "78", "statistics": "53.8% had EN-like lesion, 15.3% had ST; 42\/48 with EN-like lesion\/ST had preceding visceral involvement", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "EN-like lesions and superficial thrombophlebitis (ST) preceded visceral involvement in 42\/48 Behcet's disease patients with these skin symptoms, suggesting they predict serious visceral involvement and complications." }, { "num": 11, "articleNumber": 3, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1351607", "title": "Thrombocytopenia in Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a retrospective study on its correlation with disease severity and potential causes", "year": "2024", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) patients", "sampleSize": "361", "statistics": "17% had thrombocytopenia; higher thrombophlebitis rate (p=0.042); thrombocytopenia OR 2.125 (95% CI 1.114–4.056, p=0.022) for thrombophlebitis", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Thrombocytopenia in KPLA patients linked to higher thrombophlebitis, extrahepatic metastatic infection, septic shock, ICU admission, and mortality; associated with platelet consumption from thrombophlebitis and impaired bone marrow production." }, { "num": 12, "articleNumber": 6, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/096721099600400618", "title": "Venous Thrombotic Complications of Pregnancy", "year": "1995", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "pregnant women", "sampleSize": "30040", "statistics": "superficial venous thrombophlebitis incidence 0.1% (14\/30040); chronic venous insufficiency in 27% with superficial venous thrombophlebitis; left common femoral vein involvement 54% vs 28% (P=0.03), superficial femoral vein 62% vs 26% (P=0.006)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among 31 venous thrombotic complications in pregnancy (incidence 0.1%), 14 had superficial venous thrombophlebitis with 27% developing chronic venous insufficiency symptoms and risk of pulmonary embolism not limited to deep venous thrombosis." }, { "num": 13, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v12.i7.1115", "title": "Major complications following exenteration in cases of pelvic malignancy: a 10-year experience.", "year": "2006", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "gynecological\/rectal malignancy patients", "sampleSize": "28", "statistics": "major complications 42.9% (12\/28); mortality 7%", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Major complications after pelvic exenteration included thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolus among early issues like massive bleeding and acute renal failure; complications were more frequent in advanced primary vulvar cancer and recurrent malignancies." }, { "num": 14, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa585", "title": "Jugular Vein Thrombosis and Anticoagulation Therapy in Lemierre’s Syndrome—A Post Hoc Observational and Population-Based Study of 82 Patients", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "patients with Lemierre’s syndrome (invasive F. necrophorum infection) \/ Sweden", "sampleSize": "82", "statistics": "62% with jugular vein thrombosis; lower platelets (76 vs 112 ×10^9\/L, p=0.04), longer defervescence (12 vs 7 days, p=0.03); no significant outcome differences by anticoagulation (therapeutic\/prophylactic\/none)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Patients with Lemierre’s syndrome and jugular vein thrombosis were more severely affected on presentation but had similar rates of major sequelae, 30-day mortality, thrombosis progression, peripheral septic complications, and major bleeding compared to those without thrombosis; no significant differences in outcomes by anticoagulation exposure despite rarity of events." }, { "num": 15, "articleNumber": 3, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-23787-5", "title": "Incidence and challenges in management of hemodialysis catheter-related infections", "year": "2022", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "chronic hemodialysis patients with catheter-related infections \/ single-center (40 months, Jan 2018–Apr 2021)", "sampleSize": "49", "statistics": "CRI incidence 3.7\/1000 catheter-days; complications in 13\/49 (27%) incl. cerebral thrombophlebitis (1 case); mortality 11\/49 (22%), 9 septic shock, 1 cerebral thrombophlebitis-related; HD seniority 16.5 vs 3.7 months (p<0.04); catheter duration (p<0.007), ferritin (p<0.0001) independent risk factors", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among HD patients, CRI complications included cerebral thrombophlebitis (1\/49) with related death (1 case); longer catheter duration and higher ferritin independently predisposed to CRI, with no mortality difference by catheter type or diabetes." }, { "num": 16, "articleNumber": 5, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1976.tb07353.x", "title": "Comparison of PVC and Glass Containers in the Prevention of Contamination and Thrombophlebitis in Intravenous Therapy", "year": "1976", "studyDesign": "Mixed", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "patients receiving peripheral IV forearm infusions \/ hospital", "sampleSize": "N\/A", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Comparative study of PVC bags vs glass bottles for IV therapy assessed thrombophlebitis incidence via serial site inspections, with PVC potentially increasing risk due to leached plasticizers, alongside bacterial contamination evaluation." }, { "num": 17, "articleNumber": 7, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1217", "title": "Vasculitis due to Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis: a cohort study of 40 Swedish patients.", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "neoehrlichiosis patients \/ Sweden (2009-2019)", "sampleSize": "40", "statistics": "60% developed vascular events (repeated thrombophlebitis, DVT, PE, TIA, arteritis); younger age risk factor for vascular complications", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Majority (60%) of neoehrlichiosis patients developed vascular complications including repeated thrombophlebitis; younger age increased risk, with qualitative differences by immune status (DVT in immunosuppressed, arteritis in immunocompetent); doxycycline cured infection and prevented new events." }, { "num": 18, "articleNumber": 6, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1708538118797860", "title": "Initial outcomes of endovenous laser ablation with 1940 nm diode laser in the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins", "year": "2018", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "patients with incompetent saphenous veins", "sampleSize": "89", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis 4.4%", "followUp": "1 month", "mainResults": "1940 nm diode laser treatment achieved 100% one-month closure rate; complications included thrombophlebitis (4.4%) and paresthesia (3.8%), with no endovenous heat-induced thrombosis observed." }, { "num": 19, "articleNumber": 4, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10047-020-01179-8", "title": "Spinal cord infarction during venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest on VA-ECMO support", "sampleSize": "6", "statistics": "spinal cord infarction 0.3% (6\/1893); cerebral thrombophlebitis 0.05% (1\/1893)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among 1893 VA-ECMO patients, 6 (0.3%) developed spinal cord infarction and 1 (0.05%) cerebral thrombophlebitis as rare neurovascular complications, with all 6 spinal cord infarction cases resulting in long-term neurological disabilities." }, { "num": 20, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169752", "title": "Mechanical Compression Effects on the Secretion of vWF and IL-8 by Cultured Human Vein Endothelium", "year": "2017", "studyDesign": "Experimental", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "cultured human vein endothelial cells", "sampleSize": "N\/A", "statistics": "vWF and IL-8 increased up to 150% and 250% at 272 Pa vs. 136 Pa (p<0.05); SPCT affects up to 80% of hospitalized patients", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Mechanical compression on vein endothelium increased vWF and IL-8 secretion dose-dependently, linking catheter pressure to short peripheral catheter thrombophlebitis pathogenesis and higher SPCT incidence." }, { "num": 21, "articleNumber": 3, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1297-319x(03)00076-9", "title": "Vascular manifestations of Behçet's disease. Eighteen cases among 140 patients.", "year": "2003", "studyDesign": "Mixed", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "140 Behçet's disease patients (77 male, 63 female; mean age vascular diagnosis 32-36 years) at Hôtel-Dieu Hospital", "sampleSize": "18", "statistics": "vascular involvement 13% overall (17% male vs. 8% female, P=0.12); thrombophlebitis 17\/18 (82% male vs. 18% female, P<0.03); arterial thrombosis 10\/18 (70% female vs. 30% male, P>0.05)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Thrombophlebitis was the most common vascular manifestation (17\/18) in Behçet's disease, more frequent in males, with caval thrombosis and arterial occlusions as serious complications; combined glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, and immunosuppressants effectively treated superior vena cava syndrome and extracranial arterial occlusion." }, { "num": 22, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2020.619", "title": "Adverse Events Associated With Midline Vascular Catheters", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "patients requiring vascular access \/ hospital", "sampleSize": "726", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis 3.84 per 1,000 catheter days (MVAD only), 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days (MVAD + CVC); BSI 0.72 per 1,000 MVAD days (MVAD only), 1.98 per 1,000 MVAD days (MVAD + CVC); DVT 2.88 per 1,000 catheter days (MVAD only), 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days (MVAD + CVC); P = .0021 (BSI vs indwell time), P = .0041 (thrombophlebitis vs indwell time)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Midline vascular access devices (MVADs) had thrombophlebitis rates of 3.84 per 1,000 catheter days in patients with MVAD only and 4.63 per 1,000 catheter days with MVAD + CVC, with significant correlation to indwell time (P = .0041); complications including thrombophlebitis, DVT, and BSI were higher with multiple devices and longer catheterization." }, { "num": 23, "articleNumber": 8, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.62108", "title": "Hospital epidemiology of emergent cervical necrotizing fasciitis", "year": "2010", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "adults with cervical necrotizing fasciitis \/ surgical ICU", "sampleSize": "5", "statistics": "SOFA score 8.8 ± 3.6; mortality 20% (1\/5)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "In 5 cervical necrotizing fasciitis cases, complications included jugular venous thrombophlebitis; multiorgan dysfunction occurred in 60%, with 20% mortality despite aggressive debridement and ICU support." }, { "num": 24, "articleNumber": 6, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000313480006600310", "title": "Experience with the Insertion of Vena Caval Filters in Acutely Burned Patients", "year": "2000", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "acutely burned patients \/ high-risk for pulmonary emboli due to immobilization, old age, bleeding problems, obesity", "sampleSize": "20", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "20 inferior vena caval filters were inserted in burn patients (5 for preexisting thromboembolic disease, 15 prophylactically); no complications due to filter insertion, no postinsertion emboli, and no cases of postinsertion thrombophlebitis." }, { "num": 25, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.1981.178.03.272", "title": "Evaluation of an intravenous catheter for use in the horse.", "year": "1981", "studyDesign": "Mixed", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "9 horses (7 clinically normal receiving parenteral nutrition, 1 with hypocalcemia, 1 clinically normal with no infusions)", "sampleSize": "9", "statistics": "1\/9 catheters infected (11%)", "followUp": "3 to 10 days", "mainResults": "One catheter became infected following a break in the protocol; the proposed protocol for catheter insertion and maintenance may reduce the likelihood of complications such as catheter sepsis, thrombophlebitis, and embolism." }, { "num": 26, "articleNumber": 4, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15829\/1728-8800-2023-3863", "title": "Endovenous laser ablation and drug treatment of acute great saphenous vein ascending thrombophlebitis: comparison of three approaches to the treatment of patients", "year": "2024", "studyDesign": "RCT", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "outpatients with acute great saphenous vein thrombophlebitis (mean age 49.1±13.7 years; 73.3% women; low risk of recurrence; mainly distal localization)", "sampleSize": "105", "statistics": "edema persistence after 45±2 days (0% in EVA without anticoagulation, 2.9% in EVA with 7-day fondaparinux, 16.7% in 1.5-month fondaparinux; p=0.01); no cases of thrombosis progression in any group; all hemorrhagic complications minor", "followUp": "45±2 days", "mainResults": "Endovenous laser ablation near saphenofemoral junction without or with short-term anticoagulation showed comparable efficacy to 1.5-month fondaparinux for resolving clinical manifestations of acute great saphenous vein thrombophlebitis, with less persistent edema and no thrombosis progression." }, { "num": 27, "articleNumber": 5, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/lrb.2022.0109", "title": "Prevalence and Prognostic Role of Lymphedema in Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "hospitalized patients with DVT and\/or thrombophlebitis of the legs (53.3% women; 51.3% aged ≥70 years)", "sampleSize": "1", "statistics": "lymphedema prevalence 0.9%; PE with shock\/CPR (4.1% vs 1.5%; OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.3); death (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4); acute renal failure (6.7% vs 2.5%); stroke (5.2% vs 4.2%)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among patients hospitalized for DVT\/thrombophlebitis, those with comorbid lymphedema had higher rates of severe complications including PE with shock\/CPR, acute renal failure, stroke, and death." }, { "num": 28, "articleNumber": 7, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/11297298211009019", "title": "A prospective sonographic evaluation of peripheral intravenous catheter associated thrombophlebitis", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "adult emergency department patients hospitalized >2 days after peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion", "sampleSize": "62", "statistics": "87.10% developed catheter-related thrombosis (40.74% symptomatic); catheter diameter\/vein diameter >1\/3 (AHR=5.41, 95% CI 1.91-15.4, p=0.0015); distal tip angle ≥5° (AHR=4.39, 95% CI 1.39-13.8, p=0.0116)", "followUp": "daily until discharge", "mainResults": "Larger catheter diameter relative to vein (>1\/3) and steeper distal tip angle (≥5°) were independently associated with increased risk of PIVC-related thrombophlebitis." }, { "num": 29, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x20198330", "title": "Association between varicose veins anatomical pattern and procedural complications following endovascular laser photothermolysis for chronic venous insufficiency", "year": "2019", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) undergoing endovascular laser photothermolysis for hydrostatic varicose veins (VVs) of lower limbs", "sampleSize": "508", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis (P=0.773); no significant differences between truncal and diffuse VVs groups", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "No significant differences in postoperative complications including thrombophlebitis (P=0.773), local inflammation (P=0.471), pain (P=0.243), paresthesia (P=1.000), or burning sensation (P=0.632) between patients with truncal versus diffuse varicose veins following endovascular laser therapy." }, { "num": 30, "articleNumber": 4, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojcd.2015.52016", "title": "Management of Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis", "year": "2015", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients (mean age 25 years) with sinusitis and intracranial complications", "sampleSize": "23", "statistics": "associated cerebral thrombophlebitis in 4\/23 cases (17.4%); favorable evolution in 14\/23 cases (60.8%)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Intracranial complications of sinusitis included subdural empyema (11 cases), extradural empyema (7 cases), brain abscess (5 cases), and associated cerebral thrombophlebitis (4 cases); clinical and radiological evolution was favorable after initial treatment in 60.8% of cases." }, { "num": 31, "articleNumber": 1, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20230781", "title": "Post caesarean section complication and its management in Dhaka medical college hospital", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "Cross-sectional", "directionality": "Not specified", "population": "post-caesarean section mothers (age range 17-39) \/ Dhaka medical college hospital", "sampleSize": "100", "statistics": "3\/33 (9.09%) thromboembolic complications and septic thrombophlebitis", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among 33 mothers with post-caesarean complications, 3 (9.09%) each suffered from thromboembolic complications and septic thrombophlebitis; 4\/33 (12.12%) complicated cases received antithrombotic drug." }, { "num": 32, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ch-221610", "title": "Development of hemodynamically relevant acquired arterio-venous fistulae in patients with venous malformations", "year": "2022", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients with venous malformations \/ tertiary care center", "sampleSize": "6", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "In 2\/6 patients with venous malformations developing arterio-venous fistulae, progression occurred due to recurrent thrombophlebitis without trauma or interventions." }, { "num": 33, "articleNumber": 5, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/brs.0000000000003167", "title": "Comparative and Predictor Analysis of 30-Day Readmission, Reoperation, and Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Multilevel ACDF vs Single and Multilevel ACCF Using the ACS-NSQIP Dataset.", "year": "2019", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "patients undergoing multilevel ACDF vs ACCF \/ ACS-NSQIP dataset", "sampleSize": "15", "statistics": "ACCF associated with DVT\/thrombophlebitis (OR=2.852, p=0.001)", "followUp": "30 days", "mainResults": "ACCF independently predicted greater DVT\/thrombophlebitis (OR=2.852, p=0.001) compared to multilevel ACDF on multivariate analysis." }, { "num": 34, "articleNumber": 2, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.45096", "title": "Evaluation of Endovenous Laser Ablation in the Management of Varicose Veins", "year": "2023", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "30 cases (19 male, 11 female) with primary varicose veins", "sampleSize": "30", "statistics": "N\/A", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "After endovenous laser ablation with or without sclerotherapy, no major complications (recurrence or recanalization) occurred, although minor complications including superficial thrombophlebitis were quite common and responsive to medical treatment." }, { "num": 35, "articleNumber": 8, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.9663", "title": "Spectrum of Orbital Cellulitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "15 patients of all age groups with clinical orbital cellulitis", "sampleSize": "15", "statistics": "cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis in 3 cases (20%)", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "In orbital cellulitis cases, cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis occurred in 20% alongside other complications like orbital\/periorbital abscess (53.3%) and intracranial involvement (26.67%), with sinusitis as the most common predisposing factor." }, { "num": 36, "articleNumber": 3, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0268355519835625", "title": "A prospective observational cohort study of concomitant versus sequential phlebectomy for tributary varicosities following axial mechanochemical ablation", "year": "2019", "studyDesign": "Cohort", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "patients with symptomatic CEAP C2–C6 unilateral axial reflux \/ vascular clinic", "sampleSize": "83", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis 6\/50 (12%) vs 10\/33 (30%), P=0.039; secondary procedures 2\/50 (4%) vs 6\/33 (18%), P=0.032", "followUp": "12 months", "mainResults": "Concomitant phlebectomy with MOCA reduced episodes of clinically significant thrombophlebitis (12% vs 30%) and need for secondary procedures (4% vs 18%) compared to sequential phlebectomy, with improved VCSS scores." }, { "num": 37, "articleNumber": 1, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.1993.352", "title": "A phase I study of intravenous bryostatin 1 in patients with advanced cancer.", "year": "1993", "studyDesign": "Mixed", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "Advanced solid tumor patients", "sampleSize": "19", "statistics": "Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis at infusion site in patients treated at all dose levels up to 50 micrograms m-2", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Cellulitis and thrombophlebitis occurred at the bryostatin 1 infusion site due to the 60% ethanol diluent; subsequent patients treated with saline flush did not develop these complications." }, { "num": 38, "articleNumber": 5, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1516-31802004000400003", "title": "Totally implantable venous catheters for chemotherapy: experience in 500 patients", "year": "2004", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy", "sampleSize": "500", "statistics": "Early thrombophlebitis in 8 cases; late deep vein thrombosis in 14 cases (0.07\/1000 days); average catheter duration 353 days", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Early complications included 8 cases of thrombophlebitis of the distal stump of the external jugular vein; late complications included 14 cases of deep vein thrombosis (0.07\/1000 days of catheter use)." }, { "num": 39, "articleNumber": 10, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-5851.125234", "title": "A retrospective study of central venous catheters GCRI experience", "year": "2013", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "Cancer patients (hematological 62%, solid organ 38%)", "sampleSize": "213", "statistics": "Non-infective complications 12% (occlusion and thrombophlebitis most common); thrombosis in 5 cases (2.3%) leading to premature removal", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Most common non-infective complication was occlusion and thrombophlebitis; 5 catheters (1 port, 1 Hickman, 3 PICC) prematurely removed due to thrombosis including cephalic\/radial\/ulnar vein and superior vena cava." }, { "num": 40, "articleNumber": 1, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/jocmr2205w", "title": "One-Step Approach to Treating Venous Insufficiency", "year": "2015", "studyDesign": "RCT", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "63 consecutive patients aged 26-78 years with venous insufficiency (72 extremities: 63 GSV reflux, 10 SSV reflux, 11 perforator reflux) \/ office-based", "sampleSize": "72", "statistics": "0% thrombophlebitis or DVT; 13.9% (10\/72) needed follow-up treatment", "followUp": "6 weeks", "mainResults": "Combining RFA of truncal and perforating veins with UGFS of accessory and tributary veins in one procedure resulted in 0% thrombophlebitis or DVT post-operatively versus increased risk with staged treatment; 100% GSV\/SSV closure, 91.7% tributary closure initially." }, { "num": 41, "articleNumber": 3, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2020.09.024", "title": "Safety and efficacy of vasopressor administration through midline catheters.", "year": "2020", "studyDesign": "N\/A", "directionality": "Retrospective", "population": "adults in tertiary ICU", "sampleSize": "248", "statistics": "thrombophlebitis (n=1, 0.4%); early complication rate 3.6%", "followUp": "N\/A", "mainResults": "Among 248 patients receiving vasopressors via midline catheters, thrombophlebitis occurred in 1 case (0.4%) as an early complication; no complications related to ineffective drug delivery or limb endangerment." }, { "num": 42, "articleNumber": 4, "doi": "https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2018.12.008", "title": "A Frontline Approach With Peripherally Inserted Versus Centrally Inserted Central Venous Catheters for Remission Induction Chemotherapy Phase of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Randomized Comparison", "year": "2019", "studyDesign": "RCT", "directionality": "Prospective", "population": "adults with untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing remission induction chemotherapy", "sampleSize": "93", "statistics": "catheter-related BSI or VT 13% (PICC) vs 49% (CICC), relative risk 0.266 (P=.0003); CR-BSI incidence 1.4 vs 7.8 per 1000 catheter-days; septic thrombophlebitis (n=4 in CICC); 6 deaths from CR complications in CICC vs 0 in PICC (P=.012)", "followUp": "30 days", "mainResults": "In 93 AML patients, PICC had lower combined risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection or venous thrombosis (13% vs 49%, relative risk 0.266, P=.0003) than CICC, including septic thrombophlebitis (4 cases in CICC); this reduced mortality from CR complications (0 vs 6 deaths, P=.012)." } ], "nextArticleNumber": 43, "totalPubmedCount": 0, "eupmcTotalCount": 0, "usedSource": "Semantic Scholar", "structuredSummaryPath": "\/home\/saimwibr\/public_html\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7\/summary.txt", "itemsPath": "\/home\/saimwibr\/public_html\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7\/items.jsonl", "downloadedAbstracts": 1000, "eupmcCursor": "*", "eupmcSeen": 0, "matchingMode": "fuzzy", "premiumUsed": true, "runId": "2b18bec7", "runDir": "\/home\/saimwibr\/public_html\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7", "runDirUrl": "https:\/\/saimsara.com\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7", "runQuerySig": "thrombophlebitis and complications", "runSourceKey": "S2", "lastPaperTxtUrl": "https:\/\/saimsara.com\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7\/saimsara_paper_20260224_152304_c331c2.txt", "lastPaperHtmlUrl": "https:\/\/saimsara.com\/sessions\/thrombophlebitis-complications-20260224-141537-2b18bec7\/", "totalSampleSize": 37998, "activeTotal": 1000, "analysed": 1000, "extractedCount": 42, "percentDone": 100, "freeLimitReached": false, "limitNotice": "" }