Vitamin D Supplementation: Systematic Review with ☸️SAIMSARA.



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Review Stats
Identification of studies via PubMed (titles/abstracts) Identification Screening Included Records identified:n=19088Records excluded:n=0 Records assessed for eligibilityn=19088Records excluded:n=15175 Studies included in reviewn=3913 PRISMA Diagram generated by ☸️ SAIMSARA
⛛OSMA Triangle Effect-of Predictor → Outcome Vitamin D supplementation  →  Outcome Beneficial for patients ΣN=2272766 (45%) Harmful for patients ΣN=196450 (4%) Neutral ΣN=2552510 (51%) 0 ⛛OSMA Triangle generated by ☸️SAIMSARA
Outcome-Sentiment Meta-Analysis (OSMA): (LLM-only)
Frame: Effect-of Predictor → Outcome • Source: PubMed
Outcome: Outcome Typical timepoints: peri/post-op, 6-mo. Reported metrics: %, CI, p.
Common endpoints: Common endpoints: complications, mortality, qol.
Predictor: Vitamin D supplementation — exposure/predictor. Doses/units seen: 400 iu, 500 ml, 1000 iu, 800 iu, 000 iu, 50 iu…. Routes seen: oral, im, topical, intramuscular…. Typical comparator: controls, insufficiency, individuals with normal weight, those diagnosed with pud….




1) Introduction
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid, plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and bone health. Beyond its traditional functions, emerging research highlights its involvement in a wide array of physiological processes, including immune modulation, metabolic regulation, neurological function, and cellular proliferation. Consequently, vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in numerous health conditions, spurring extensive investigation into the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation across diverse populations and disease states. This systematic review synthesizes recent findings on the efficacy and impact of vitamin D supplementation.

2) Aim
This paper aims to systematically review and synthesize the current evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation across various health outcomes, populations, and clinical contexts, identifying principal findings, clinical implications, research gaps, and future directions.

3) Methods
Systematic review with multilayer AI research agent: keyword normalization, retrieval & structuring, and paper synthesis (see SAIMSARA About section for details).


4) Results
4.1 Study characteristics:
The studies encompassed a broad range of designs, with RCTs being prominent, alongside mixed-design, cohort, cross-sectional, and experimental studies. Populations investigated were diverse, including men with prostate cancer [2], patients undergoing knee replacement [3], children with allergic rhinitis [13], adolescents with HIV [15, 23, 496], patients with chronic pain [7], pregnant women [185, 238, 276, 297, 303, 317, 394, 450, 477, 521, 539, 552, 561, 815, 839, 846, 847, 859, 905, 907, 944, 1004, 1081, 1175, 1183, 2447, 2504, 2804, 2847, 3213, 3668], older adults [141, 283, 414, 430, 434, 444, 465, 511, 526, 600, 713, 746, 788, 863, 864, 867, 888, 955, 1016, 1041, 1116, 1176, 1184, 1599, 1627, 2058, 2075, 2092, 2095, 2385, 3141, 3299, 3635], and various animal models [6, 10, 36, 47, 55, 99, 109, 126, 155, 164, 322, 355, 356, 368, 383, 384, 399, 436, 437, 441, 478, 495, 517, 532, 534, 576, 689, 781, 782, 820, 826, 851, 854, 1019, 1027, 1040, 1106, 1108, 1181, 1193, 1195, 1204, 1270, 1280, 1726, 2079, 2432, 3300]. Follow-up periods ranged from short-term (e.g., 24 hours [142, 380]) to several years (e.g., 6 years [185], 10 years [432]).

4.2 Main numerical result aligned to the query:
Vitamin D supplementation consistently increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Across 23 studies reporting quantitative changes in 25(OH)D, the median increase was 12 ng/mL, with a range from 5.88 ng/mL [226] to 25.77 ng/mL [1289]. Specific increases included 12 ng/mL [7], 20 ng/mL [29], 10.8 ng/mL [43], 18.31 ng/mL [51], 5.88 ng/mL [226], 11.7 ng/mL [397], 10.9 ng/mL [410], 9.28 ng/mL [664], 11.47 ng/mL [1009], 16.124 ng/mL [1021], 8.13 ng/mL [1199], 25.77 ng/mL [1289], 18.832 ng/mL [2053], 10.7 ng/mL and 14.6 ng/mL [2908], 7.6 ng/mL, 13.4 ng/mL, and 18.2 ng/mL [3299], 13.424 ng/mL [3306], 13.88 ng/mL [3561], 8.3 ng/mL [3563], and 20.5 ng/mL [3665]. This indicates that supplementation is generally effective in raising circulating vitamin D concentrations.

4.3 Topic synthesis:


5) Discussion
5.1 Principal finding:
Vitamin D supplementation consistently increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, with a median increase of 12 ng/mL (range: 5.88 ng/mL [226] to 25.77 ng/mL [1289]) across studies, demonstrating its efficacy in improving vitamin D status.

5.2 Clinical implications:


5.3 Research implications / key gaps:


5.4 Limitations:


5.5 Future directions:


6) Conclusion
Vitamin D supplementation consistently increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, with a median increase of 12 ng/mL (range: 5.88 ng/mL [226] to 25.77 ng/mL [1289]) across studies, demonstrating its efficacy in improving vitamin D status. This improvement in vitamin D status is associated with a wide range of benefits across diverse populations and health outcomes, including bone health, metabolic regulation, immune function, and neurological well-being. However, the heterogeneous study designs and variability in dosing and duration across the literature represent the most significant limitation to drawing definitive conclusions. Future research should focus on conducting large-scale, long-term randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols to establish optimal dosing and confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for specific health conditions.

References
SAIMSARA Session Index — session.json

Figure 1. Publication-year distribution of included originals
Figure 1. Publication-year distribution of included originals

Figure 2. Study-design distribution of included originals
Figure 2. Study-design distribution

Figure 3. Study-type (directionality) distribution of included originals
Figure 3. Directionality distribution

Figure 4. Main extracted research topics
Figure 4. Main extracted research topics (Results)

Figure 5. Limitations of current studies (topics)
Figure 5. Limitations of current studies (topics)

Figure 6. Future research directions (topics)
Figure 6. Future research directions (topics)