This review shows that vitamin D supplementation is far more than a simple deficiency fix: across a massive evidence base, its strongest signals emerge in targeted settings such as respiratory infection prevention, pregnancy, prediabetes, and selected inflammatory conditions, while many popular broad claims remain far less certain. The full paper is worth reading because it separates where vitamin D truly appears clinically meaningful from where biochemical repletion does not reliably translate into real-world benefit.
Abstract: This paper aims to synthesize contemporary research on vitamin D supplementation to evaluate its impact on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, metabolic health, pregnancy outcomes, infectious disease susceptibility, and chronic inflammatory conditions across diverse human substrates. The review utilises 1041 original studies with 2450507 total participants (topic deduplicated ΣN). The mapped evidence indicates that vitamin D supplementation most consistently raises serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and that this response is strongly shaped by baseline status, adiposity, and genotype. Beyond biochemical repletion, the clearest recurrent clinical signals were seen for respiratory infection prevention, including a reported relative risk of 0.46 for respiratory tract infection with frequent infant supplementation, and for selected high-risk settings such as critical illness, prediabetes, pregnancy, and some inflammatory disorders. The evidence map also suggests that regimen matters: higher-dose or individualized approaches, including maternal doses of 2000 to 6400 IU/day during lactation and higher infant doses of 800 to 1000 IU/day in some preterm or high-risk settings, more reliably achieved sufficiency than standard one-size-fits-all strategies. At the same time, effects on cardiovascular outcomes, asthma control, mood, athletic performance, and several chronic disease endpoints remained mixed, indicating that successful repletion does not uniformly translate into clinical benefit. Clinically, these findings support targeted supplementation and monitoring in deficient or high-need populations rather than indiscriminate escalation, with attention to adherence, obesity, pregnancy, and conditions that alter vitamin D handling. Future research should prioritize phenotype-stratified randomized trials that integrate baseline deficiency, body mass index, and genetic variation to define who benefits most, from which formulation, and at what dose.
Final search date and database lock: 2026-04-17 12:04:09 CEST
Plan: Pro (expanded craft tokens; source: PubMed)
Source: PubMed
Total Abstracts/Papers: 19529
Downloaded Abstracts/Papers: 2300
Included original and non-original Abstracts/Papers (all): 1584
Included original Abstracts/Papers (Vote counting by direction of effect): 1041
Reference Index (links used in paper): 313
Total participants (topic deduplicated ΣN): 2450507
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Reference Index (313)
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[106] Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies Vitamin D-Associated Gene Modules in Adult Normal Rectal Epithelium Following Supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.783970
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[135] A genetic variant in the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1 determines response to vitamin D supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.03.018
[150] Vitamin D Receptor () Gene Polymorphisms Modify the Response to Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020360
[151] The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Vitamin D Status of Exclusively Breastfeeding Mothers and Their Nursing Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. — https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab126
[157] Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Muscle Mass, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Disease. — https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.70315
[159] Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation during Breastfeeding on Infant Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Narrative Review of the Recent Evidence. — https://doi.org/10.3390/children9121863
[164] The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.008
[165] Asthmatic Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency have Decreased Exacerbations after Vitamin Replacement. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111234
[166] Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Semen Quality in Vitamin D-Deficient Infertile Males with Oligoasthenozoospermia. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s13224-019-01251-1
[169] Vitamin D supplementation leading to hypervitaminosis D in a breastfed infant: A case report. — https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.7635
[185] Vitamin D supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of dosage and patient compliance. — https://doi.org/10.4149/bll_2016_028
[193] The Impact of Baseline 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Gestational Age on Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Offspring Asthma or Recurrent Wheezing. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.019
[194] The role and mechanism of vitamin D-mediated regulation of Treg/Th17 balance in recurrent pregnancy loss. — https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13112
[200] Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, and Fibrinogen with Oral Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with T2DM having Vitamin D Deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742285
[204] Prospective cohort study of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy: Prevalence and limited effectiveness of 1000 IU vitamin D supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057231222404
[205] Parenteral vitamin D supplementation is superior to oral in vitamin D insufficient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.019
[208] Effect of vitamin D supplementation versus placebo on essential hypertension in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13926
[223] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02717-7
[224] Nutrition Support in Liver Transplantation and Postoperative Recovery: The Effects of Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Supplementation in Liver Transplantation. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123677
[226] Adjunctive vitamin A and D during pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: a randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design. — https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo02751c
[236] The Effect of High-Dose Postpartum Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation Alone Compared with Maternal Plus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation in Breastfeeding Infants in a High-Risk Population. A Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071632
[240] Multi-dose vitamin d supplementation in stable very preterm infants: Prospective randomized trial response to three different vitamin D supplementation doses. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.016
[247] Relationship between 25-OH-D serum level and relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients before and after vitamin D supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285612447090
[248] Efficacy and safety of enteral supplementation with high-dose vitamin D in critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2024.05.005
[299] Obesity and overweight decreases the effect of vitamin D supplementation in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09527-7
[303] Does Vitamin D3 Supplementation Improve Depression Scores among Rural Adolescents? A Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121828
[306] Vitamin D requirements during lactation: high-dose maternal supplementation as therapy to prevent hypovitaminosis D for both the mother and the nursing infant. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1752s
[325] Influence of vitamin D status and vitamin D3 supplementation on genome wide expression of white blood cells: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058725
[336] Cost-effectiveness analysis of hip fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a Markov micro-simulation model applied to the French population over 65 years old without previous hip fracture. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2698-1
[339] Vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of acute cellular rejection and infection in vitamin D deficient liver allograft recipients. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105811
[345] Vitamin D related genetic polymorphisms affect serological response to high-dose vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis. — https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261097
[347] Association between Vitamin D and Heart Failure Mortality in 10,974 Hospitalized Individuals. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020335
[358] Vitamin D Supplementation during Intensive Care Unit Stay Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: A Cohort Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132924
[370] Effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12719
[371] Classification of Vitamin D Status Based on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Hypertensive Patients. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060839
[384] The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation is related to genetic factors, BMI, and baseline levels. — https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0233
[389] Association of vitamin D intake during pregnancy with small vulnerable newborns: a population-based cohort study. — https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo01110d
[404] A Study of Vitamin D Level in Critically Ill Patients and Effect of Supplementation on Clinical Outcome. — https://doi.org/10.4103/aer.aer_83_20
[405] Association of parental-reported vitamin D supplementation with dental caries of 3-year-old children in Poland: a cross-sectional study. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03914-8
[423] To Evaluate the Association Between Serum Concentration of Vitamin D and Chronic Periodontitis in Non-menopausal Females: A Clinico Biochemical Study. — https://doi.org/10.2174/1574886318666230228085220
[428] Vitamin D Levels in COVID-19 Outpatients from Western Mexico: Clinical Correlation and Effect of Its Supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112378
[438] The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Physical Capacity among Active College-Aged Males. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071936
[468] The role of oral vitamin D3 supplementation in the treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in adults with Vitamin D deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_448_20
[490] Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of depression and poor physical function in older persons: the D-Vitaal study, a randomized clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz141
[504] Efficacy and safety of early supplementation with 800 IU of vitamin D in very preterm infants followed by underlying levels of vitamin D at birth. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-017-0361-0
[510] Monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation does not increase kidney stone risk or serum calcium: results from a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy378
[515] Vitamin D Supplementation and Adherence to World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) Diet Recommendations for Colorectal Cancer Prevention: A Nested Prospective Cohort Study of a Phase II Randomized Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061766
[522] Vitamin D status in full-term exclusively breastfed infants versus full-term breastfed infants receiving vitamin D supplementation in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02849-z
[550] High Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated With a Reduction in Depression Score Among Adolescent Girls: A Nine-Week Follow-Up Study. — https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2017.1334736
[556] The immune cell transcriptome is modulated by vitamin D supplementation in people with a first demyelinating event participating in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2024.110183
[558] Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Exclusively Breastfed Newborns: Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4521
[567] Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and effects of supplementation with cholecalciferol in patients with chronic kidney disease. — https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2013.07.003
[568] Vitamin D and Zinc Supplementation to Improve Treatment Outcomes among COVID-19 Patients in India: Results from a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.101971
[572] Vitamin D supplementation and depression in the women's health initiative calcium and vitamin D trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr482
[573] Calcium and vitamin D supplementation after gastric bypass should be individualized to improve or avoid hyperparathyroidism. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-010-0138-7
[598] Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Patients-Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051234
[601] Vitamin D supplementation using an oral spray solution resolves deficiency but has no effect on VO max in Gaelic footballers: results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1202-4
[619] Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on glycemic parameters and progression of prediabetes to diabetes: A 1-year, open-label randomized study. — https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.152783
[626] The Influence of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancies Associated with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153008
[641] Effects of ethnicity and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and changes in bone mineral content in infants. — https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-6
[643] Vitamin D supplementation does not improve CVD risk factors in vitamin D-insufficient subjects. — https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0144
[648] Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, , and baseline cognitive status. — https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12404
[651] Immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D supplementation on Behçet's disease patients: effect on nitric oxide and Th17/Treg cytokines production. — https://doi.org/10.1080/08923973.2023.2239490
[654] Vitamin D status of very low birth weight infants at birth and the effects of generally recommended supplementation on their vitamin D levels at discharge. — https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1586873
[700] The persistence of maternal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency during pregnancy and lactation irrespective of season and supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12989
[701] The effect of vitamin D supplementation on cancer incidence in the randomised controlled D-Health Trial: Implications for policy and practice. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106738
[702] Impact of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and pain management in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized double-blinded controlled study. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-025-00543-6
[750] Association of Vitamin D Level and Maternal Gut Microbiome during Pregnancy: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Antenatal Vitamin D Supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092059
[758] Improved vitamin D supplementation in hospitalized breastfed infants through electronic order modification and targeted provider education. — https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2014-0080
[772] Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels predict the effects of vitamin D supplementation on joint symptoms and cartilage loss in patients with knee osteoarthritis. — https://doi.org/10.1093/rap/rkaf061
[773] Efficacy of daily supplementation of 800 IU vitamin D on vitamin D status at 6 months of age in term healthy Indian infants. — https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-018-0216-6
[803] Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114047
[809] Correcting Vitamin D Insufficiency Improves Some But Not All Aspects of Physical Performance During Winter Training in Taekwondo Athletes. — https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0412
[814] Vitamin D supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with low serum vitamin D: a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac083
[818] High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Improvement in Cognitive Abilities, Insomnia, and Daytime Sleepiness in Adolescent Girls. — https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.2021.1910.1
[822] Basal Vitamin D Status and Supplement Dose Are Primary Contributors to Maternal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Prenatal and Postpartum Cholecalciferol Supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab265
[825] Effects of Different Vitamin D Supplementation Schemes in Post-Menopausal Women: A Monocentric Open-Label Randomized Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020380
[831] Dose-response effects of supplementation with calcifediol on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and its metabolites: A randomized controlled trial in older adults. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.029
[857] Effect of supplementation of vitamin D and calcium on patients suffering from chronic non-specific musculoskeletal pain: A pre-post study. — https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1699_20
[866] The impact of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on physical function in community-dwelling elderly individuals: A randomized trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2018.03.011
[887] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on acute respiratory tract infections in 6-8-year-old children: a randomized clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-025-03674-1
[897] Effect of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Upper Respiratory Infection in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad770
[916] Therapeutic Effect of the Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. A Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730992
[926] All-cause and cause-specific mortality risks associated with calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D: A nationwide population-based study. — https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13643
[927] Vitamin D supplementation and increased dairy protein intake do not affect muscle strength or physical function in healthy 6-8-year-old children: the D-pro randomized trial. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-02912-0
[928] Radiological Benefits of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Patients with MS-A Two-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061465
[932] Effect of vitamin D supplementation on circulating level of autophagosome protein LC3A, inflammation, and physical performance in knee osteoarthritis. — https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.13646
[968] Applying Machine Learning to Determine 25(OH)D Threshold Levels Using Data from the AMATERASU Vitamin D Supplementation Trial in Patients with Digestive Tract Cancer. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091689
[971] Effect of Moderately High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030507
[974] Maternal vitamin D₃ supplementation at 50 μg/d protects against low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in infants at 8 wk of age: a randomized controlled trial of 3 doses of vitamin D beginning in gestation and continued in lactation. — https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.106385
[976] High-Dose versus Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Arterial Stiffness among Individuals with Prehypertension and Vitamin D Deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/918968
[984] High dose vitamin D supplementation does not affect biochemical bone markers in multiple sclerosis - a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-017-0851-0
[987] Longitudinal, observational study on associations between postoperative nutritional vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy. — https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38962
[991] The Impact of Vitamin D Low Doses on Its Serum Level and Cytokine Profile in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132781
[1001] Metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome composition associated with vitamin D supplementation in Taiwanese infants. — https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82584-8
[1005] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycaemic indices, lipid profile and liver function tests in patients with cirrhosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000938
[1007] Effects of high- vs low-dose native vitamin D on albuminuria and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a randomized pilot study. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-02950-3
[1009] Effect of vitamin D supplementation on management of anemia in hemodialysis patients with vitamin D deficiency: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.13121
[1012] Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with a Reduction in Self-Reported Falls among Older Adults with Previous Fall History - Feasibility Study. — https://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2021.46
[1030] Long-term effects of vitamin D supplementation and maintaining sufficient vitamin D on knee osteoarthritis over 5 years. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-023-03167-8
[1045] Effects of vitamin D on sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone to luteinizing hormone ratio in 307 infertile men. — https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.13505
[1048] Vitamin D supplementation to patients with frequent respiratory tract infections: a post hoc analysis of a randomized and placebo-controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1378-3
[1050] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and androgen levels in vitamin-D-deficient polycystic ovary syndrome patients. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.13516
[1052] In "High-Risk" Infants with Sufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth, Infant Vitamin D Supplementation Had No Effect on Allergy Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061747
[1061] Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study. — https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7502127
[1067] Prevention of Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: The Role of Combined Supplementation with Vitamin D and Antioxidants. — https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres12040045
[1078] A 250 μg/week dose of vitamin D was as effective as a 50 μg/d dose in healthy adults, but a regimen of four weekly followed by monthly doses of 1250 μg raised the risk of hypercalciuria. — https://doi.org/10.1017/s000711451300113x
[1080] Effect Modification of Vitamin D Supplementation by Histopathological Characteristics on Survival of Patients with Digestive Tract Cancer: Post Hoc Analysis of the AMATERASU Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102547
[1082] Vitamin D supplementation during intensive care unit stay is associated with improved outcomes in critically Ill patients with sepsis: a cohort study. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1485554
[1084] Vitamin D3 as adjuvant in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: modulation of genomic and biochemical instability. — https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gez001
[1091] Vitamin D supplementation worsens Alzheimer's progression: Animal model and human cohort studies. — https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13670
[1093] Effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on antibody responses against Epstein-Barr virus in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. — https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458516654310
[1106] Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy prevents vitamin D deficiency in the newborn: an open-label randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12762
[1108] Cross-sectional analysis of universal vitamin D supplementation in former East Germany during the first year of life. — https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2016-0310
[1111] Correlation between vitamin D and serum brain derived neurotropic factor levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. — https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1537
[1116] Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and incident rheumatoid arthritis: the Women's Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D trial. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-2268-1
[1122] Alterations in CD4 T Cell Cytokines Profile in Female Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Following Vitamin D Supplementation: A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303273297231226153751
[1135] Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and vitamin D supplementation use with mortality due to 18 frequent cancer types in the UK Biobank cohort. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113241
[1142] Vitamin-D supplementation in prediabetes reduced progression to type 2 diabetes and was associated with decreased insulin resistance and systemic inflammation: an open label randomized prospective study from Eastern India. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.044
[1143] Vitamin D Supplementation Regulates Postoperative Serum Levels of PD-L1 in Patients with Digestive Tract Cancer and Improves Survivals in the Highest Quintile of PD-L1: A Post Hoc Analysis of the AMATERASU Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061987
[1174] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme after strenuous endurance exercise in healthy young men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2025.139087
[1194] The 25(OH)D3, but Not 1,25(OH)2D3 Levels Are Elevated in IBD Patients Regardless of Vitamin D Supplementation and Do Not Associate with Pain Severity or Frequency. — https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030284
[1196] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on liver fibrogenic factors, vitamin D receptor and liver fibrogenic microRNAs in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) patients: an exploratory randomized clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00911-x
[1204] Vitamin D Supplementation and Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061295
[1209] Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on insulin resistance assessment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.02.001
[1215] Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas treated with immunochemotherapy. — https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1166
[1224] Effects of a short-term vitamin D and calcium supplementation on body sway and secondary hyperparathyroidism in elderly women. — https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.6.1113
[1236] Large Individual Differences in Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation: Effects of Genetic Factors, Body Mass Index, and Baseline Concentration. Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398617
[1246] Effect of vitamin supplementation in patients of congestive heart failure deficient in vitamin D: A study at a tertiary care center of North India. — https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_70_20
[1248] A randomised, controlled comparison of different calcium and vitamin D supplementation regimens in elderly women after hip fracture: The Nottingham Neck of Femur (NONOF) Study. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh002
[1252] Routine supplementation does not warrant the nutritional status of vitamin d adequate after gastric bypass Roux-en-Y. — https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2013.28.1.6166
[1273] Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Semen Quality, Reproductive Hormones, and Live Birth Rate: A Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01656
[1274] The clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation combined with grass-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis. — https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2016.37.3921
[1285] Assessment of Adequacy of Supplementation of Vitamin D in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv110
[1298] Vitamin D supplementation in obese type 2 diabetes subjects in Ajman, UAE: a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial. — https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.251
[1300] Effects of Vitamin D supplementation on resolution of fever and cough in children with pulmonary tuberculosis: A randomized double-blind controlled trial in Indonesia. — https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04015
[1327] Effects of daily vitamin D supplementation on respiratory muscle strength and physical performance in vitamin D-deficient COPD patients: a pilot trial. — https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s132117
[1332] Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity in Prediabetes With Hypovitaminosis D: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12009
[1340] Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation and influence of BsmI polymorphism of the VDR gene of the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress in elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: Vitamin D3 megadose reduces inflammatory markers. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2015.03.011
[1356] Effect of vitamin D supplementation on lower extremity motor function and ambulation in stroke patients. — https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2010-287
[1378] Postural Balance Effects Associated with 400, 4000 or 10,000 IU Vitamin D Daily for Three Years: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020527
[1379] Vitamin D supplementation effects on FoxP3 expression in T cells and FoxP3/IL-17A ratio and clinical course in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a study in a Portuguese cohort. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-016-8829-3
[1382] The association between vitamin D supplementation and the long-term prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients: a retrospective observational cohort study with propensity score matching. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1163671
[1392] The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Signaling Pathway of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00050
[1403] Effects of an Individualized vs. Standardized Vitamin D Supplementation on the 25(OH)D Level in Athletes. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224747
[1413] Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder. — https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12652
[1418] Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe Asthma Exacerbations in Children With Asthma and Low Vitamin D Levels: The VDKA Randomized Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.12384
[1422] Predictors of serum 25(Oh)D increase following bimonthly supplementation with 100,000IU vitamin D in healthy, men aged 25-65 years. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.005
[1430] Oral vitamin D supplementation induces transcriptomic changes in rectal mucosa that are linked to anti-tumour effects. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02044-y
[1433] Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre-post studies. — https://doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2023.06464
[1434] 25-Hydroxyvitamin D supplementation and health-service utilization for upper respiratory tract infection in young children. — https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000921
[1436] Genetic variants in CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and VDR modify the efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation for increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1389
[1439] The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the gut microbiome in older Australians - Results from analyses of the D-Health Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2221429
[1448] The effects of whole-body vibration training and vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, and bone density in institutionalized elderly women: a 6-month randomized, controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.181
[1471] Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-024-01473-6
[1472] Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy, prenatal 25(OH)D levels, race, and subsequent asthma or recurrent wheeze in offspring: Secondary analyses from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.013
[1478] The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Functional Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After an Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective, Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14061848
[1502] Vitamin D insufficiency in children, adolescents, and young adults with cystic fibrosis despite routine oral supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1694
[1517] Effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin kinetics and cardiovascular risk factors in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a pilot study. — https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-15-0001
[1533] The Effect of Three-Month Vitamin D Supplementation on the Levels of Homocysteine Metabolism Markers and Inflammatory Cytokines in Sera of Psoriatic Patients. — https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11121865
[1538] Effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise training on physical performance in Chilean vitamin D deficient elderly subjects. — https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2006.05.001
[1540] Exploring the Preventive Potential of Vitamin D against Respiratory Infections in Preschool-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. — https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111595
[1548] The association between vitamin D intake with inflammatory and biochemical indices and mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A case-control study. — https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.844
[1551] Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D dietary supplementation and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among adults with hypertension. — https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-024-00914-8
[1555] Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Seasonal Influenza and Upper Respiratory Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. — https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izy346
[1557] Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. — https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-009-0020-3
[1576] Prediction of bone mass density variation by bone remodeling markers in postmenopausal women with vitamin D insufficiency treated with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. — https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021968
[1578] The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Pulmonary Function of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients, before and after Clinical Trial. — https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases3040253
[1580] Therapeutic high-dose vitamin D for vitamin D-deficient severe COVID-19 disease: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (SHADE-S). — https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdae007
[1581] Effect of vitamin D on the antimicrobial activity of human airway surface liquid: preliminary results of a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. — https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000211
[1583] Vitamin D deficiency is a predictor of reduced survival in patients with heart failure; vitamin D supplementation improves outcome. — https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfr175
