AI-Native Scoping Reviews & Evidence Mapping

WIfI combines true biological risk signals such as ischemia with limb-level consequences such as wound burden and infection to answer the central clinical question in PAD: is limb salvage still realistically achievable? This evidence map shows how WIfI stage translates into real-world amputation risk across clinical scenarios, and where its predictive value becomes strongest in modern decision-making.

PAD is not just a leg-artery disease — it is a powerful warning sign for future death, cardiovascular events, limb loss, and frailty. This review maps which signals matter most for prognosis, from MALE, polyvascular disease, diabetes and CKD to biomarkers, nutrition scores, exercise capacity, and machine-learning risk prediction.

This review shows that PAD is not a niche vascular diagnosis but a massive, underrecognized global burden that concentrates sharply in diabetes, kidney disease, stroke, and other high-risk populations while often remaining clinically silent. The full read is worth it because it maps where PAD prevalence is truly highest, why reported rates vary so widely, and which patient groups should trigger much earlier ABI-based case finding.

PAD is not just blocked arteries — this review shows it as a biologically complex disease driven by endothelial failure, oxidative stress, metabolic myopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and emerging signals from gut metabolites, extracellular vesicles, and non-coding RNA pathways. The full read is worth it because it maps where the strongest mechanistic evidence lies, which biomarkers may matter next, and which pathophysiologic signals could reshape future PAD diagnostics and targeted therapy.

PAD is not just undertreated — it is systematically undertreated despite repeated signals that proper medication changes survival, cardiovascular risk, and limb outcomes. This review shows where the real gaps are, which therapies carry the strongest signal, and why better discharge and follow-up prescribing may be one of the most actionable opportunities in vascular care.

This paper shows that PAD does not affect women and men in the same way: women are often treated less aggressively and face more perioperative complications, while men more often carry the burden of amputation, mortality, and severe limb outcomes. The full paper is worth reading because it makes clear where the true gender gap lies in PAD—not just in prevalence, but in diagnosis, treatment, and what happens after intervention.

This review shows that anticoagulation in PAD is not a simple “more is better” story: low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin delivers the clearest reduction in limb and cardiovascular events, but the benefit is tightly linked to patient selection and bleeding risk. The full read is worth it because it maps exactly where dual pathway inhibition is strongest, where full-dose or nonspecific anticoagulation may backfire, and how PAD changes the antithrombotic strategy in real-world settings like revascularization, VTE overlap, and atrial fibrillation.

This paper shows that PAD risk is driven mainly by smoking and diabetes, but is also strongly shaped by age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and social disadvantage. The full paper is worth reading because it makes clear which factors matter most, which newer risk signals are emerging, and why PAD is still too often missed despite its major impact on limb loss and cardiovascular death.

This review shows that PAD bypass outcomes are driven less by the operation alone than by who the patient is going into it: dialysis, CKD, conduit choice, and post-operative management repeatedly shape survival, limb outcomes, and graft durability. The full read is worth it because it clarifies where bypass still holds its strongest advantage over endovascular therapy, which patients benefit most, and which risk signals should change decisions before and after surgery.

PAD-related amputation is rarely caused by one factor alone: this evidence map shows how diabetes, tissue loss, kidney disease, delayed vascular assessment, undertreatment, and social inequality converge to decide who loses a limb. The full review highlights which therapies, warning signs, and limb-preservation pathways may reduce major amputation risk before the window for salvage is lost.

This paper shows that OCD is not one single disease pattern, but a heterogeneous disorder shaped by brain-circuit dysfunction, comorbidity, and symptom subtype. The full read is worth it because it clarifies which treatments have the strongest evidence, which patients are harder to treat, and why long-term outcome may be better than many assume.