AI-Native Scoping Reviews & Evidence Mapping

Endovascular atherectomy delivers high technical success across peripheral, coronary, and selected non-atherosclerotic vascular conditions, yet its long-term clinical advantage remains highly dependent on anatomy, device, and treatment strategy. The full review reveals where atherectomy adds real value, where risks and reinterventions rise, and which applications remain unsupported.

Interatrial shunts can either unload the failing left atrium or drive stroke, hypoxemia, and right-heart deterioration—depending on flow direction and the underlying cardiac phenotype. Built from 218 references, 502 original studies, and 77,138 observations, this review reveals which patients may benefit from shunt creation, who may be harmed, and when closure becomes clinically decisive.

Routine preoperative ECG remains a clinical paradox: often low-yield in low-risk noncardiac surgery, yet potentially powerful when combined with biomarkers and AI-driven waveform analysis. The full read shows where ECG can be safely de-implemented, where it still uncovers clinically relevant hidden disease, and how AI-ECG may redefine perioperative cardiac risk stratification.

Routine preoperative echocardiography before noncardiac surgery often adds little in unselected patients, with low actionable yield and weaker prediction than biomarkers such as NT-proBNP. The full read shows where echocardiography still matters, when stress echo or targeted TTE is justified, and how clinicians can move from routine imaging to smarter, risk-guided perioperative assessment.

EVAR may succeed in the operating room, but its durability is decided years later through surveillance, endoleak detection, sac behavior, and timely reintervention. This review maps the full evidence—from imaging and compliance failures to rupture risk and personalized follow-up—making the complete read valuable for anyone managing long-term EVAR outcomes.

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is not just a rare post-procedural complication — it is a dangerous failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation when restored flow overwhelms chronically exhausted brain perfusion reserve. This full SAIMSARA read maps 475 original studies, 192 key references, and 477,299 observations to show where CHS risk emerges after carotid, moyamoya, bypass, thrombectomy, and posterior circulation revascularization — and why blood-pressure governance, perfusion monitoring, staged strategies, and seizure vigilance may decide the clinical outcome.

Fractional flow reserve is no longer just a coronary pressure number—it is a decision framework that reshapes revascularization, deferral, imaging, plaque assessment, and vascular risk stratification across clinical settings. This full read maps 3,488 original studies, 615 key references, and more than 42.4 million observations to show where FFR is reliable, where it fails, and why physiology must increasingly be combined with plaque and microvascular context.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy is not a single cardiovascular exposure: testosterone, estrogen route, anti-androgen choice, age, comorbidity, and monitoring all shift the risk picture. This full read maps 319 original studies, 114 key references, and more than 15.7 million observations to clarify where GAHT appears safer, where vascular risk signals emerge, and what clinicians should watch before relying on generic sex-based risk calculators.

This review shows that ramipril and candesartan are not simply interchangeable RAAS drugs: blood-pressure control is broadly comparable, but the evidence separates them by exercise BP response, tolerability, diastolic function, anti-fibrotic signals, and perioperative fibrinolytic effects. The full read maps 37 references across 33 original studies and 399,243 observations, clarifying where candesartan, ramipril, or single-pill combinations may offer the more rational clinical choice.